Embedded Controller Firmware Explained: What the EC Does in a Laptop
The EC is a small microcontroller that runs a laptop's keyboard, charging, fans and power button. How the OS talks to it and how its firmware is updated.
Deep dives, practical guides, and incident analyses from engineers who build Safeguard. No fluff, no vendor FUD — just what you need to ship secure software.
The EC is a small microcontroller that runs a laptop's keyboard, charging, fans and power button. How the OS talks to it and how its firmware is updated.
NVMe over Fabrics sends NVMe commands over TCP, RDMA or Fibre Channel. How discovery, NQNs and capsules work, and how to lock a fabric down.
AlmaLinux (March 2021) and Rocky Linux (June 2021) replaced CentOS Linux. Every 8, 9 and 10 release, support end dates, errata feeds and migration steps.
Qubes 4.3 is the only supported release; 4.2 ended on 21 June 2026. Every release from R1 with dates, plus how Xen qubes, disposables and QSBs work.
A 10 week campaign replayed stolen Microsoft 365 sessions to take over mail at 79 organisations without a password. IOCs, KQL and a cleanup plan.
JETS, which runs Jamaica's MultiLink and ACH networks, says admin files holding old card numbers and ACH payee names were accessed. Here is what to do.
A 17 Oct intrusion at SaaS platform futureshop took 3,147,469 Lindt Japan member records; a PHP emergency stop then took every shop offline for a day.
PPPoE runs PPP over Ethernet so ISPs can log in each line. How discovery, PAP/CHAP, IPCP, the 1492 MTU and RADIUS work, and how to secure the setup.
A smart meter is a metrology chip, current sensor, relay and radio running signed firmware. How each is made, keyed and updated, and what its data reveals.
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