Cryptography
Merkle tree in transparency logs
A Merkle tree is a hash-based data structure that lets transparency logs prove data integrity efficiently, using Merkle proofs and certificate transparency.
Mar 4, 20267 min read
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Supply Chain Security, in plain English.
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Certificate transparency log
A concrete guide to certificate transparency logs: how SCTs verify issuance, how CT monitoring works, and how rogue certificates get detected fast.
Mar 4, 20267 min read
Cryptography
Hash collision attack
What is a hash collision, and why does it break integrity checks and signatures? A precise definition, the SHA-1 collision attack, and how Safeguard closes the gap.
Feb 28, 20266 min read
Cryptography
HMAC
HMAC is a cryptographic construct that combines a hash function with a secret key to verify both the integrity and authenticity of a message.
Feb 28, 20267 min read
Cryptography
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)
A precise, technical answer to what is elliptic curve cryptography — plus how ECC vs RSA, ECDSA signatures, and ECDH key exchange secure modern systems.
Feb 27, 20267 min read
Cryptography
Post-quantum cryptography
Post-quantum cryptography protects data from future quantum attacks. See how NIST-standardized, lattice-based algorithms defend today's software supply chain.
Feb 27, 20268 min read
Cryptography
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
What is an HSM? Learn how hardware security modules store signing keys, how HSM vs KMS differs, and why FIPS 140-2 HSMs protect code-signing keys.
Feb 27, 20267 min read
Cryptography
Perfect forward secrecy
Perfect forward secrecy stops a single leaked TLS key from unlocking years of past traffic. Here's how ephemeral key exchange works, and why it matters for supply chain security.
Feb 26, 20267 min read
Cryptography
Cryptographic salt vs pepper
What is a cryptographic salt, and how does it differ from pepper in password hashing? A technical breakdown of salted hashes, bcrypt salt rounds, and best practices.
Feb 26, 20267 min read
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