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Application Security

Designing a secure Node.js API gateway: auth, rate limits, validation, and signing

CVE-2020-15084 let attackers forge JWTs against express-jwt because one algorithm check was missing — a case study in why gateways need four defense layers, not one.

Jul 15, 20266 min read
Application Security

Secure file uploads in Node.js and Fastify

CWE-22 path traversal climbed three spots to #5 on the 2024 CWE Top 25. Here's how to validate, store, and scan Fastify uploads without trusting the client.

Jul 15, 20266 min read
Application Security

Memory safety in C/C++: the vulnerability classes that won't go away

Microsoft found ~70% of its patched CVEs trace to memory-safety bugs. Here's how buffer overflows, use-after-free, and double-free still happen — and what actually catches them.

Jul 14, 20267 min read
Application Security

Choosing a secure Node.js web framework: Express, Fastify, Koa, and NestJS compared

None of Express, Fastify, Koa, or NestJS enable security headers, CSRF protection, or input validation by default — the defaults you inherit differ more than you'd think.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
Application Security

Why Math.random() is a security bug waiting to happen

A 2008 Debian OpenSSL patch cut key entropy to ~32,768 values; a 2012 scan found 0.75% of TLS certs shared keys. Weak PRNGs still cause real breaches.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
Application Security

Preventing mass assignment in Spring MVC and Spring Boot

CWE-915 mass assignment lets one extra JSON field turn a profile update into a privilege escalation — here's how DTOs beat @JsonIgnore in Spring.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
Application Security

Mass assignment in Node, Express, and Mongoose apps

One unfiltered req.body.role field can turn a signup form into an admin-creation endpoint — here's how mass assignment happens in Node and how to stop it.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
Application Security

Mass assignment in Python: how setattr and **kwargs turn request bodies into privilege escalation

One unguarded setattr() loop can let a JSON body set is_admin directly — the same bug class that let a researcher add his key to Rails' GitHub org in 2012.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
Application Security

Why Node.js's vm module is not a security sandbox

Node's own docs warn the vm module isn't a security mechanism — vm2, built on top of it, still shipped two CVSS 9.8 sandbox escapes in 2023.

Jul 14, 20266 min read
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